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Serigraphy
A stamp impresion by the
process of estencil is one of the most ancien techniques
that we know.The Chinese and Japanese already used it on
fabrics and decorative papers with a great refinement. In
the Ocident the process was already known by the XVI century
for coloring set of cards and also as a way to color xylography.
The impression in estencil was used almost only to products
related to craftsman and manufacture. In France, it became
very popular by Jean Papillon, who was a wall papers manufacturer.
Later on its use increased
with commercial aims : posters, displays, toys, fabrics
and other products which already used silk screen as an
economical process for producing colored images. Only by
1936, with the influence of Anthony Velonis, it was when
some artists began to feel the potential of the silk screen
as a means of an artistic expression. It was Carl Zigrosser,
an art story writer and curator of the Museum of Modern
Art of Philadelphia, who for the first time used the term
“silk screen” to identify the stamps developped
by this techniqhue, with no commercial purposes. With this
idea he intended to disangage the name silk screen,already
used with commercial purposes, from the ones of artistic
character. The serigraphy is based on the following principle
: a film is fixed on a silk or nylon screen, firmly stretched
in its extremes on a frame. The structure of the screen
must be such as, by the pressure of a wooden rake, let the
ink go through its frame . The printing areas are open in
the pelicule. The areas which will not receive printing
are covered by the same pelicule or photographic emulsion,
when using the photographic process for fixing the image.
The serigraphy as others techniques do not use printing
press. Vasarely is an example of artist who used serigraphy
in all its possibilities and extension. His stamps go up
to 50 or more screens in order to form an image. Some mixed
process lean on themselves in the way of possibilities of
the serigraphy.
Text of Maria
Bonomi and Renina Katz |
Roberto Burle Marx
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